Simultaneous whole-animal 3D imaging of neuronal activity using light-field microscopy

High-speed, large-scale three-dimensional (3d) imaging of neuronal activity poses a major challenge in neuroscience. here we demonstrate simultaneous functional imaging of neuronal activity at single-neuron resolution in an entire Caenorhabditis elegans and in larval zebrafish brain. our technique captures the dynamics of spiking neurons in volumes of ~700 mm × 700 mm × 200 mm at 20 hz. its simplicity makes it an attractive tool for high-speed volumetric calcium imaging.